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Optogenetically inspired deep brain stimulation: linking basic with clinical research.

Christian Lüscher¹, Pierre Pollak²

¹Dept of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences (Neurology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Swiss Medical Weekly

|April 6, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optogenetics revolutionizes neuroscience by linking neural activity to behavior and brain disorders. Optogenetically inspired deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a translational path for treating conditions like addiction and depression.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Neurology

Background:

Optogenetics has transformed neuroscience, enabling cell-type specific neural circuit manipulation in animal models.
It has elucidated the causal links between neural activity and behavior, and characterized circuit dysfunction in non-neurodegenerative brain diseases like addiction and depression.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of optogenetically inspired deep brain stimulation (DBS) protocols as a translational step towards human therapies.
To refine existing DBS approaches and expand their applications for treating brain disorders.

Main Methods:

Utilizing optogenetics in animal models to understand neural circuit dysfunction and synaptic plasticity (e.g., drug-evoked plasticity).
Designing specific stimulation protocols based on ex-vivo mechanistic analysis of pathological circuits.
Developing novel deep brain stimulation (DBS) protocols that emulate successful optogenetic strategies.

Main Results:

Optogenetics has provided insights into pathological synaptic plasticity, such as drug-evoked alterations in neurotransmission.
Proof-of-principle studies demonstrate the potential of optogenetic reversal protocols to normalize pathological behaviors.
Current optogenetic techniques face limitations for direct human translation in the near future.

Conclusions:

Optogenetically inspired DBS protocols represent a crucial intermediate step for translating findings from animal models to human treatments.
This approach can refine current DBS therapies and extend their use to new neurological and psychiatric indications.
Rational, targeted DBS offers a promising avenue for treating complex brain disorders by modulating specific neural circuits.