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Motor Unit Stimulation

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...

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Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

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Published on: June 21, 2022

Versatile Stimulation Back-End With Programmable Exponential Current Pulse Shapes for a Retinal Visual Prosthesis.

Mohammad Hossein Maghami, Amir M Sodagar, Mohamad Sawan

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

|April 6, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new stimulation circuit for implantable retinal prostheses, offering programmable pulse shapes and durations. The design enables precise neural stimulation for vision restoration, meeting key performance requirements.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience
Electrical Engineering

Background:

Implantable retinal prostheses aim to restore vision by stimulating remaining retinal neurons.
Existing systems often have limitations in pulse shape flexibility and programmability.
Advanced stimulation circuitry is crucial for improving prosthesis efficacy and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To design, implement, and test a versatile stimulation back-end for an implantable retinal prosthesis.
To introduce novel biphasic stimulation pulses with programmable exponential shapes.
To develop a high-performance current driver capable of delivering precise stimulation parameters.

Main Methods:

Utilized a class-B second generation current conveyor as a stimulation current driver.
Incorporated current-mode digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for amplitude programming.
Designed a circuit fabricated using the IBM 130 nm process with a silicon area of 1.5×1.5 mm².
Implemented digitally programmable time constants for pulse shapes and durations (100 μs to 3 ms).

Main Results:

The stimulation driver delivered current pulses up to ±96 μA with programmable durations.
DACs demonstrated excellent linearity with Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) of 0.23 LSB and Integral Nonlinearity (INL) of 0.364 LSB.
The circuit successfully met performance requirements for electrode-tissue impedances up to 25 kΩ.
Maximum power consumption was measured at 3.4 mW for biphasic rectangular pulses.

Conclusions:

The developed stimulation back-end offers advanced capabilities for retinal prosthesis applications.
Programmable pulse shapes and amplitudes allow for tailored neural stimulation strategies.
The design achieves high performance and efficiency, suitable for miniaturized implantable devices.
This work contributes to the advancement of neuroprosthetic technologies for vision restoration.