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Pathology and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever in Mizoram
David Malswamkima1, T K Rajkhowa1, Rajesh Chandra1
1Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.
Aim:
Clinical histopathological and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever disease in pigs of Mizoram.
Materials And Methods:
Totally, 31 clinically suspected pigs from 6 districts of Mizoram were examined, and clinical symptoms were recorded. Detailed post mortem examination of all the 31 dead animals was conducted, and gross changes were recorded. Tissue samples were collected for histopathological examination and molecular diagnosis. The collected tissues (tonsil, lymph nodes, spleen) were also processed for RNA extraction. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the specific gene fragments of classical swine fever virus (CSFV).
Results:
Clinical examination of all the 31 suspected pigs revealed typical clinical signs of CSF. All the animals also showed typical gross and microscopic lesions of CSF. RT-PCR on tissue samples amplified the 421bp, 449bp and 735bp region of 5´NCR, non-structural protein 5B and E(rns) gene regions of CSFV, respectively. Nested PCR for internal region of E2 gene also amplified the expected product of 271bp using PCR product of whole E2 region as template DNA.
Conclusion:
CSF is highly endemic disease in Mizoram. The viral strains circulating in this region are highly virulent. The disease can be diagnosed specifically using RT-PCR.
Insights
Classical swine fever (CSF) is endemic in Mizoram, with highly virulent strains circulating. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provides specific diagnosis for this swine disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Animal Pathology
- Molecular Diagnostics
Background:
- Classical swine fever (CSF) poses a significant threat to swine populations globally.
- Mizoram, India, experiences frequent outbreaks of CSF, necessitating effective diagnostic strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct clinical, histopathological, and molecular diagnosis of classical swine fever in pigs in Mizoram.
- To identify the circulating classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains in the region.
Main Methods:
- Examination of 31 clinically suspected pigs from six districts of Mizoram.
- Post-mortem analysis, histopathology, and RNA extraction from tissue samples (tonsil, lymph nodes, spleen).
- Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting specific CSFV gene regions (5´NCR, NS5B, E(rns), E2).
Main Results:
- All examined pigs exhibited typical clinical signs and lesions consistent with CSF.
- RT-PCR successfully amplified target CSFV gene fragments, confirming the presence of the virus.
- Nested PCR confirmed the amplification of the E2 gene region, indicating viral presence.
Conclusions:
- Classical swine fever (CSF) is highly endemic in Mizoram.
- The circulating CSFV strains in Mizoram are characterized by high virulence.
- RT-PCR is a specific and effective method for diagnosing CSF in this region.
