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Related Experiment Videos

Aging of the diaphragm: a CT study.

C I Caskey1, E A Zerhouni, E K Fishman

  • 1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.

Radiology
|May 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Aging does not significantly alter diaphragm muscle thickness but increases diaphragmatic defects, especially in those with emphysema. Esophageal hiatus width also widens with age.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Gerontology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The aging process affects various bodily structures, including the diaphragm.
  • Understanding age-related changes in the diaphragm is crucial for interpreting imaging studies and assessing respiratory health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the normal morphologic changes of the diaphragm throughout the lifespan.
  • To correlate these age-related diaphragmatic alterations with skeletal muscle status, obesity, pulmonary emphysema, and esophageal hiatus hernia.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic morphometric and morphologic evaluation was performed on computed tomographic (CT) scans of 120 patients.
  • Patients ranged from the 3rd to the 8th decade of life.
  • Data were analyzed to assess diaphragm thickness, defects, pseudotumors, and esophageal hiatus width in relation to age and other health indicators.

Main Results:

  • Diaphragm muscle thickness remained stable across age groups.
  • Diaphragmatic defects and pseudotumors emerged in later decades (7th and 8th), affecting 56% of older patients.
  • A strong association was found between emphysema and diaphragmatic defects (84% of emphysematous patients had defects).
  • Esophageal hiatus width increased with age.
  • Skeletal muscle status and obesity did not correlate with age or diaphragmatic defects.

Conclusions:

  • While diaphragm muscle thickness is preserved with aging, structural abnormalities like defects and pseudotumors become more prevalent in older adults.
  • Pulmonary emphysema is significantly associated with diaphragmatic defects.
  • The esophageal hiatus widens with age, a finding relevant for conditions like hiatal hernias.

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