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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The Oral Microbiota01:27

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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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A Clinical Metaproteomics Workflow Implemented within Galaxy Bioinformatics Platform to Analyze Host-Microbiome Interactions Underlying Human Disease
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Mood by microbe: towards clinical translation.

Timothy G Dinan1,2, John F Cryan3,4

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The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a key regulator of the gut-brain axis, influencing brain health and stress. Exploiting the microbiome offers potential treatments for stress-related psychiatric disorders, requiring clinical validation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The gut-brain axis is crucial for brain health and stress regulation.
  • The gut microbiota's role as a master regulator of this axis is a recent discovery.
  • This highlights the potential for microbiome-based interventions in psychiatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota for stress-related psychiatric disorders.
  • To underscore the need for clinical validation of microbiome-targeted strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on the gut-brain axis and microbiota.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms linking gut microbiota to stress response and psychiatric conditions.
  • Discussion of emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • The gut microbiota significantly influences the gut-brain axis.
  • Microbiome dysbiosis is implicated in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota presents a promising avenue for novel treatments.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota is a critical factor in the gut-brain axis.
  • Microbiome-based therapies hold significant promise for treating stress-related psychiatric conditions.
  • Clinical validation is essential to translate these findings into effective treatments.