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General self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress after a natural disaster: a longitudinal study
Egil Nygaard1,2, Ajmal Hussain3, Johan Siqveland3,4
1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postbox 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway. egilny@psykologi.uio.no.
BMC Psychology
|April 7, 2016
Summary
General self-efficacy is linked to fewer posttraumatic stress reactions early after a disaster. However, it does not predict long-term recovery from these stress reactions.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Trauma Studies
- Disaster Mental Health
Background:
- Self-efficacy may influence recovery from posttraumatic stress reactions following natural disasters.
- Longitudinal research on self-efficacy predicting posttraumatic recovery is limited.
- Investigating self-efficacy's role in the trajectory of posttraumatic stress is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the longitudinal relationship between general self-efficacy and posttraumatic stress reactions.
- To determine if self-efficacy predicts recovery beyond initial distress levels.
Main Methods:
- 617 tsunami-exposed Norwegians completed self-report measures.
- Data collected at 6 months and 2 years post-disaster.
- Multivariate mixed effects models analyzed predictors of change in posttraumatic stress reactions.
Main Results:
- Self-efficacy at 6 months was unrelated to trauma exposure.
- Higher self-efficacy correlated with lower posttraumatic stress reactions at 6 months and 2 years.
- Self-efficacy did not predict recovery in posttraumatic stress reactions between 6 months and 2 years.
Conclusions:
- General self-efficacy is associated with reduced posttraumatic stress reactions in the initial months post-disaster.
- Self-efficacy does not appear to enhance long-term recovery rates from posttraumatic stress.
- Findings suggest self-efficacy's impact on posttraumatic stress may diminish over time.
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