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Evaluation of serum vitamin D levels in patients with X syndrome
F N Turhan Caglar1, I Ungan, V Ksanski
1Cardiology Department, Dr. Sadi Konuk Bakırkoy Education and Research Hospital, Bakırkoy, Istanbul, Turkey. nhnturhan@gmail.com.
Insights
Patients with Cardiac X syndrome have significantly lower vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for this condition, potentially linked to increased inflammation and cardiovascular disease development.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Cardiac X syndrome (CSX) involves chest pain and ischemia despite normal coronary angiograms.
- Emerging research links vitamin D deficiency (vit D def) to cardiovascular diseases.
- The role of vitamin D in CSX pathophysiology requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare serum vitamin D levels between patients diagnosed with Cardiac X syndrome and healthy controls.
- To investigate potential associations between vitamin D status and CSX.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study included 66 patients with CSX and 47 healthy controls.
- Demographic data, laboratory results, and medications were recorded for all participants.
- Serum vitamin D levels were quantified using a paramagnetic particle chemiluminescence assay.
Main Results:
- Patients with CSX were older and had higher body mass index than controls.
- Significantly lower serum vitamin D levels were observed in the CSX group (6 ± 5.2 ng/ml) compared to controls (11.9 ± 7 ng/ml).
- Elevated parathormone and hsCRP levels were noted in the CSX group, suggesting increased inflammation and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Conclusions:
- This study demonstrates a significant association between lower serum vitamin D levels and Cardiac X syndrome.
- Vitamin D deficiency may represent a risk factor for CSX development.
- Reduced vitamin D levels might contribute to CSX through increased inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and microvascular angina.
Objective:
Cardiac X syndrome is defined in patients with normal coronary angiogram who has typical chest pain and objective myocardial ischemia evidence. Recent studies have evaluated the association between vitamin D deficiency (vit D def) and cardiovascular diseases. Our aim of this study was to compare serum vit D levels in patients with syndrome X and controls.
Patients And Methods:
We included 66 patients (49 women, 17 men) with syndrome X and 47 (30 women, 17 men) healthy controls. All of the patients' demographic features, laboratory analysis and medications are recorded. Vit D is measured quantitatively by paramagnetic particle chemiluminescence method.
Results:
Mean age of the syndrome X group was higher than controls (56 ± 9.2 vs. 49 ± 9.6 years p < 0.001). Body mass index was higher in the patient group than controls (31.2 ± 5.6 vs. 29.1 ± 4.7 kg/m2 p: 0.011). Vit D levels were significantly lower in the syndrome X group than controls (6 ± 5.2 vs. 11.9 ± 7 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Parathormone levels were significantly higher in the syndrome X group than the control group (38.3 ± 23.4 vs. 28 ± 17.2 pg/ml, p: 0.014). hsCRP levels were higher in the syndrome X group than controls (3.1 ± 5.4 vs. 1.8 ± 2.4 mg/L, p: 0.042).
Conclusions:
Our study demonstrated significantly lower vit D levels in patients with CSX. This finding is correlated with previous studies showing an inverse correlation with lower serum vit D levels and different types of cardiovascular diseases. Vit D def may be a risk factor for syndrome X. Vit D def related increased inflammation may lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction and microvascular angina.
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