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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Substance use disorders (SUDs) in adolescents are a significant public health concern.
  • Adolescence is a critical period for brain development, particularly in regions governing emotional regulation and impulse control.
  • Previous research suggests potential structural brain alterations in individuals with SUDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in cortical thickness between adolescent females with SUDs and healthy controls.
  • To explore the relationship between cortical thickness and behavioral measures in adolescent females with SUDs.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 22 female patients (14-19 years) with SUDs and 21 age/race-matched controls.
  • Acquired T1-weighted structural brain MRI scans for all participants.
  • Analyzed whole-brain cortical thickness and six a priori regions of interest, controlling for age and IQ.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in a priori regions of interest were found.
  • Whole-brain analysis revealed significantly thinner left pregenual rostral anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex in patients with SUDs compared to controls.
  • These whole-brain differences did not persist after adjusting for depression or externalizing scores.
  • Within patients, increased cortical thickness in the left precuneus was positively associated with behavioral disinhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent females with SUDs exhibit distinct cortical thickness patterns in brain regions associated with the default mode network.
  • These differences implicate the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex in emotional dysregulation, inhibition, and behavioral control issues observed in adolescent SUDs.