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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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[Gestational diabetes mellitus].

Alexandra Kautzky-Willer1, Jürgen Harreiter2, Dagmar Bancher-Todesca3

  • 1Klinische Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Gender Medicine Unit, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Österreich. alexandra.kautzky-willer@meduniwien.ac.at.

Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a pregnancy complication diagnosed via oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Early detection and management, including lifestyle changes and insulin therapy, are crucial for maternal and infant health.

Keywords:
Diabetic fetopathyGestational diabetesOverweight/obesityPregnancyRisk of diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance during pregnancy, increasing feto-maternal risks and long-term complications.
  • Overt diabetes in early pregnancy requires different diagnostic criteria than GDM.
  • Screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended in high-risk pregnancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define diagnostic criteria for GDM based on the HAPO study.
  • To outline recommended screening and diagnostic protocols for GDM.
  • To emphasize the importance of postpartum follow-up and diabetes prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis of GDM using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or fasting glucose.
  • Screening for high-risk pregnancies using established criteria.
  • Postpartum reevaluation of glucose tolerance with OGTT.

Main Results:

  • GDM is diagnosed if fasting plasma glucose exceeds 92 mg/dl, or 1-hour (180 mg/dl) or 2-hour (153 mg/dl) values after glucose loading meet international consensus criteria.
  • Strict metabolic control is mandatory if any pathological value is observed.
  • Nutritional counseling, blood glucose self-monitoring, and physical activity are recommended for all women.

Conclusions:

  • GDM management requires strict metabolic control, potentially including insulin therapy.
  • Postpartum OGTT is essential for all women with GDM, with regular follow-up recommended.
  • Women with GDM have a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, necessitating lifestyle interventions for prevention.