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[Obesity and type 2 diabetes].

Hermann Toplak1, Friedrich Hoppichler2, Thomas C Wascher3

  • 1Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich. hermann.toplak@medunigraz.at.

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Summary

Obesity, termed "diabesity," is a primary risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes. Managing weight through lifestyle, medication, and bariatric surgery is crucial for diabetes prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
ObesityTyp 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Public Health
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes are increasingly interconnected, often termed "diabesity."
  • Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes.
  • Traditional Body Mass Index (BMI) may not fully capture health risks; body fatness and sarcopenia are important considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the link between obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
  • To discuss the role of weight management in diabetes prevention and therapy.
  • To explore the impact of body weight on medication choices and surgical interventions for diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding linking obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic measures beyond BMI, such as waist circumference and Body Impedance Analysis (BIA).
  • Analysis of lifestyle interventions (nutrition, physical activity) and pharmacological/surgical treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Lifestyle management is key for diabetes prevention.
  • Body weight is a critical factor influencing Type 2 Diabetes therapy, including medication selection.
  • Bariatric surgery (BMI > 35 kg/m²) can achieve partial diabetes remission but requires lifelong care.

Conclusions:

  • Weight management is integral to both preventing and treating Type 2 Diabetes.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of anti-obesity medications in Type 2 Diabetes management.
  • Bariatric surgery offers a significant intervention for diabetes remission in eligible patients, necessitating comprehensive follow-up.