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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

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Primary malignant melanoma.

A Ferhat Mısır1, Mustafa C Durmuşlar, Tamer Zerener

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey. E-mail. afmisir@karaelmas.edu.tr.

Saudi Medical Journal
|April 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral malignant melanoma (MM) is rare, often affecting the palate or gums. Early diagnosis, aided by immunohistochemistry, is crucial for treatment and reducing patient morbidity.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral oncology
  • Dermatopathology
  • Surgical pathology

Background:

  • Malignant melanomas (MM) of the oral cavity are rare, comprising 0.2%–8.0% of all melanoma cases.
  • Oral MM commonly presents on the hard palate and gingiva.
  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are vital for improving patient outcomes.

Observation:

  • A 76-year-old male patient presented with oral malignant melanoma.
  • Initial diagnosis was misidentified as reactive denture hyperplasia due to an ill-fitting lower denture.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed a nodular-type MM.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemistry, utilizing markers like human melanoma black 45, S-100 protein, and vimentin, aids in diagnosis and staging.
  • These markers assist in evaluating tumor invasion depth and identifying metastatic sites.
  • Surgical excision was performed, and the patient showed no recurrence during a 4-year follow-up.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of oral malignant melanoma is critical, even when symptoms mimic benign conditions.
  • Immunohistochemistry is an essential tool for confirming oral melanoma and guiding treatment decisions.
  • Successful surgical management can lead to long-term disease control for oral malignant melanoma.