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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Accessing the Cytotoxicity and Cell Response to Biomaterials
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Dentifrices for children differentially affect cell viability in vitro.

Barbara Cvikl1,2, Adrian Lussi3, Andreas Moritz4

  • 1Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland. barbara.cvikl@zmk.unibe.ch.

Clinical Oral Investigations
|April 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Child toothpastes show a wide range of cytotoxicity on oral cells. Some products significantly reduce cell viability, while others are nearly non-toxic, impacting oral soft tissue health.

Keywords:
ChildrenCytotoxicityDentifricesIn vitroToothpaste

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Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Toxicology
  • Dental materials science

Background:

  • Child dentifrices differ in formulation, potentially affecting oral soft tissues.
  • Cytotoxicity of adult dentifrices is documented, but child-specific data is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of various child dentifrices.
  • To evaluate the impact of these dentifrices on oral cells.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen child dentifrices (up to 12 years) were tested.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed on gingival fibroblasts, HSC-2 cells, and L929 mouse fibroblasts.
  • Cell proliferation and live-dead staining were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Ten dentifrices exhibited high cytotoxicity (LC50 < 5%).
  • Four dentifrices showed moderate cytotoxicity (LC50 5-20%).
  • Three dentifrices demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity (LC50 > 95%).

Conclusions:

  • Child dentifrice composition correlates with a broad spectrum of in vitro cytotoxicity.
  • Findings support further in vivo research to determine clinical relevance.