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Hearing Profile in Patients with Dilated and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies

Gehan Abd El-Rahman El-Zarea¹, Yasser Elsayed Mohamed Hassan², Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud³

¹Professor of Audiology, ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University.

Electronic Physician

|April 8, 2016

Insights

Cardiomyopathy patients often experience hearing loss, particularly sensorineural hearing loss. Early identification of hearing deficits in cardiomyopathy cases may reduce complications.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Otolaryngology
Genetics

Background:

Cardiomyopathy can disrupt the cochlear microvasculature, potentially leading to cochlear degeneration and hearing impairment.
Degeneration of the stria vascularis impacts the organ of Corti, affecting auditory function.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess hearing profiles in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
To determine the relationship between hearing loss severity and cardiomyopathy disease characteristics.
To compare hearing profiles between DCM and HCM patients.

Main Methods:

A case-control study involving 21 cardiomyopathy patients and 15 healthy controls.
Patients were categorized into DCM (n=15) and HCM (n=6) groups.
Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests.

Main Results:

100% of HCM patients and 80% of DCM patients exhibited bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) showed abnormal latencies in 50% of the study group.
No correlation was found between disease duration and hearing loss severity or otoacoustic emissions.

Conclusions:

Cardiomyopathy is linked to sensorineural hearing loss.
Early identification of hearing loss in cardiomyopathy patients is recommended to potentially reduce morbidity.
Hearing deficits may precede the diagnosis of heart disease in some cases.

Read full analysis

Abstract

Introduction:

Cardiomyopathy may cause disruptions in the micro-vascular system of the stria vascularis in the cochlea, and, subsequently, may result in cochlear degeneration. Degeneration in the stria vascularis affects the physical and chemical processes in the organ of Corti, thereby causing a possible hearing impairment. The objective of this study was to assess the hearing profiles of patients with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies to determine the relationship between the degree of hearing loss and the degree and duration of the disease and to compare the dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies as regards hearing profile.

Methods:

In this case control study, we studied 21 patients (cases/study group/group 1) and 15 healthy individuals (controls/group 2). Six patients (group 1a) had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and 15 patients (group 1b) had dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The data were analyzed using the t-test, chi-squared test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Multiple Mann-Whitney test.

Results:

The results of this study showed that 80% of those patients with DCM (group 1b) had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and 100% of the patients with HCM (group 1a) had mild to severe bilateral sloping SNHL. Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) were present in 14% of the study group and in 100 % of the control group. The results of the measurements of auditory brainstem response (ABR) showed that 50% of the study group had abnormal latencies compared to the control group, and there was no correlation between the duration of the disease and the degree of hearing loss or DPOAE. Fifty percent of the patients with HCM and 35% of the patients with DCM had positive family histories of similar conditions, and 35% of those with HCM had a positive family history of sudden death.

Conclusion:

The results of this study suggested that the link between heart disease and hearing loss and early identification of hearing loss in patients with cardiomyopathy may reduce morbidity since hearing deficits sometimes precede heart disease.

Keywords:

cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy hearing profile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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