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The relationships between apathy and executive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.

Simona Raimo1, Luigi Trojano1, Daniele Spitaleri2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples.

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Summary

Apathy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to executive dysfunction. Patients with apathy, especially "pure apathy," showed significant impairments in cognitive control abilities, suggesting prefrontal circuit involvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including apathy, are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The relationship between apathy and cognitive dysfunction in MS remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive correlates of apathy, with or without co-occurring depression, in patients with MS.
  • To differentiate cognitive profiles associated with

Main Methods:

  • 125 non-demented MS patients were assessed using the Apathy Evaluation Scale Self-Rated (AES-S) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).
  • A comprehensive neuropsychological battery was administered to evaluate cognitive functions.
  • Patients were categorized into four subgroups based on apathy and depression severity.

Main Results:

  • Patients with apathy (with or without depression) exhibited poorer performance on executive tasks compared to those without apathy.
  • Patients with "pure apathy" (apathy without depression) showed specific deficits in cognitive control abilities.
  • Significant differences in cognitive performance were observed across the four patient subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between apathy and dysexecutive deficits in MS patients.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that prefrontal cortico-subcortical circuit dysfunction contributes to neuropsychiatric syndromes in MS.