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Relation of Magnesium Intake With Cardiac Function and Heart Failure Hospitalizations in Black Adults: The Jackson
Tracey H Taveira1, Danielle Ouellette1, Alev Gulum1
1From the Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Support, Providence, RI (T.H.T., D.O., A.G., G.C., W.-C.W.); Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI (T.H.T., D.O., A.G., G.C., W.-C.W.); Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University, Providence, RI (T.H.T., G.C., W.-C.W.); Center for Primary Care and Prevention (C.B.E.) and the Department of Family Medicine (C.B.E.), Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (C.B.E., S.L., W.-C.W.); and The Program on Genomics and Nutrition, Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, Departments of Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.), University of California, Los Angeles.
Insights
Higher magnesium intake is linked to a reduced risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations in Black adults. Consuming less than 2.3 mg of magnesium per kilogram of body weight was associated with an increased HF risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Nutritional Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited data exists on the association between magnesium intake and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, especially within the Black population.
- This study aimed to investigate the relationship between magnesium consumption and HF hospitalization risk in Black individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between dietary magnesium intake and subsequent heart failure hospitalizations in a cohort of Black adults.
- To determine if magnesium intake, adjusted for body weight, correlates with reduced HF hospitalization risk.
Main Methods:
- The Jackson Heart Study cohort, comprising 4916 Black adults, was analyzed using data from a Food-Frequency Questionnaire.
- Daily magnesium intake was calculated, adjusted for body weight, and stratified into quartiles.
- Cox proportional hazards modeling was employed to assess the association between magnesium intake quartiles and HF hospitalizations, controlling for relevant risk factors.
Main Results:
- Participants in higher quartiles of magnesium intake (≥2.308 mg/kg) exhibited a significantly decreased risk of HF hospitalization compared to those in the lowest quartile.
- Adjusted hazard ratios for HF admission were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.47-0.94) for the second quartile and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.27-0.82) for the highest quartile.
- These findings remained consistent when excluding participants with prior HF diagnoses or when magnesium intake was not adjusted for body weight.
Conclusions:
- Magnesium intake below 2.3 mg/kg was associated with an elevated risk of subsequent heart failure hospitalizations.
- Further research is warranted to explore whether serum magnesium levels can serve as a predictor for HF risk.
Background:
Little is known about magnesium intake and risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, particularly in blacks. We hypothesize that magnesium intake relates to HF hospitalization in blacks.
Methods And Results:
From the Jackson Heart Study cohort (n=5301), we studied 4916 blacks recruited during 2000 to 2004 in Jackson (Mississippi), who completed an 158-item Food-Frequency Questionnaire that included dietary supplements. Daily magnesium intake derived from the questionnaire was divided by the body weight to account for body storage and stratified by quartiles (0.522-2.308, 2.309-3.147, 3.148-4.226, and ≥4.227 mg magnesium intake/kg). Cox proportional hazards modeling assessed the association between quartiles of magnesium intake/kg and hospitalizations for HF adjusting for HF risk, energy intake, and dietary factors. The cohort had a mean age=55.3 (SD=12.7 years) and composed of 63.4% women, 21.6% diabetes mellitus, 62.7% hypertension, 7.1% coronary disease, and 2.8% with known HF. When compared with participants in the first quartile of magnesium intake/kg, those with higher magnesium intake (>2.308 mg/kg) had decreased risk of HF admission, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0. 66(95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.94) in the second quartile to 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.82) in the highest quartile. Results were similar when individuals with previously diagnosed HF (2.8%) were excluded or when the analysis was repeated using quartiles of magnesium intake without accounting for body weight.
Conclusions:
Magnesium intake <2.3 mg/kg was related to increased risk of subsequent HF hospitalizations. Future studies are needed to test whether serum magnesium levels predict risk of HF.