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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

8.5K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
8.5K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.8K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

5.7K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
5.7K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

6.4K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
6.4K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

5.2K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
5.2K
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

3.7K
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
07:01

An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

Published on: April 17, 2013

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Ectopic Thyroid Tissue With Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Laura Garcia-Rodriguez, Rahil Dharia, Becky Massey

    WMJ : Official Publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin
    |April 9, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ectopic thyroid tissue in strap muscles, though rare, can mimic metastatic cancer. This case highlights the importance of considering benign conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis even with concerning initial findings.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Surgical Pathology

    Background:

    • Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare congenital anomaly, affecting 1 in 100,000 to 300,000 individuals.
    • Hashimoto's thyroiditis occurring in ectopic thyroid tissue is exceptionally uncommon.

    Observation:

    • An 83-year-old female presented with ectopic thyroid tissue in the strap muscles.
    • Initial evaluation raised suspicion for metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma.

    Findings:

    • The ectopic thyroid tissue was concurrently diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
    • Histological examination was crucial in differentiating benign ectopic thyroid from malignancy.

    Implications:

    • Encountering ectopic thyroid tissue necessitates careful evaluation to rule out malignancy.

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  • Benign conditions, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, should be considered even when initial histology suggests cancer.