Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.8K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.8K
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

3.0K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
3.0K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

26.7K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
26.7K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

1.5K
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
1.5K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

25.4K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
25.4K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

37.6K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
37.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Crystallite Rotation Drives Strain Softening in Semicrystalline Polyethylene.

ACS materials Au·2026
Same author

Development of Machine-Learned Interatomic Potentials to Predict Structure, Transport, and Reactivity in Platinum-Based Fuel Cells.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Folding of sodium polystyrene sulfonate under shear in semi-dilute solutions.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Influence of Polymerization and Restricted Dipole Motion on the Dielectric Constants of Ionic Liquids.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025
Same author

Correction to "Effect of Sulfonation Level on the Percolated Morphology and Proton Conductivity of Hydrated Fluorine-Free Copolymers: Experiments and Simulations".

JACS Au·2025
Same author

Stockmayer fluid simulations for viscosity and glass transition temperature of ionic liquids.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method
09:43

Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method

Published on: April 11, 2020

7.3K

Charged Nanoparticle Attraction in Multivalent Salt Solution: A Classical-Fluids Density Functional Theory and

K Michael Salerno1, Amalie L Frischknecht1, Mark J Stevens1

  • 1Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|April 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Like-charged nanoparticles can attract each other in electrolyte solutions, especially with multivalent counterions. This attraction, driven by counterion packing, can lead to nanoparticle aggregation.

More Related Videos

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

19.0K
Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles
11:13

Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles

Published on: March 13, 2016

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method
09:43

Study of Short Peptide Adsorption on Solution Dispersed Inorganic Nanoparticles Using Depletion Method

Published on: April 11, 2020

7.3K
Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

19.0K
Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles
11:13

Creating Sub-50 Nm Nanofluidic Junctions in PDMS Microfluidic Chip via Self-Assembly Process of Colloidal Particles

Published on: March 13, 2016

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Computational Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding nanoparticle interactions is crucial for controlling their behavior in solutions.
  • Electrostatic forces typically lead to repulsion between like-charged nanoparticles.
  • The role of counterion valency and packing in modifying these interactions is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions leading to attractive interactions between like-charged nanoparticles.
  • To compare molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with classical density functional theory (DFT) for describing these interactions.
  • To elucidate the influence of counterion valency, nanoparticle charge, and diameter on interaction potentials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a primitive ion model within molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Employing classical density functional theory (DFT) for theoretical analysis.
  • Calculating ion density profiles and nanoparticle-nanoparticle interaction free energies.

Main Results:

  • Attractive interactions between like-charged nanoparticles were observed, particularly with divalent and trivalent counterions.
  • MD and DFT results showed qualitative agreement in ion density profiles and interaction free energies.
  • The nanoparticle interaction free energy depended strongly on nanoparticle charge, with attractive wells reaching depths of 8-10 kBT.
  • Counterion layering around nanoparticles significantly influenced the interaction potential, shifting minima and altering well depths.
  • Attraction was observed both with and without nanoparticle overcharging.

Conclusions:

  • Counterion packing geometry near nanoparticle surfaces is a key factor driving attractive forces between like-charged nanoparticles.
  • The valency of counterions plays a critical role in enabling attractive electrostatic interactions.
  • These findings suggest the possibility of nanoparticle aggregation and kinetic arrest driven by electrostatic effects in specific electrolyte conditions.