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"Coffee Ring Effect" in Ophthalmology: "Anionic Dye Deposition" Hypothesis Explaining Normal Lid Margin Staining.

Mohammad Taher Rajabi¹, Morteza Sharifzadeh

¹From the Farabi Eye Hospital (MTR, MS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

|April 9, 2016

Summary

The Marx line forms due to anionic dye deposition, driven by the coffee ring effect during dye evaporation. This new theory explains lid margin staining, challenging previous surface-based explanations.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Surface Science
Dye Chemistry

Background:

Previous Marx line formation theories focused on stained area characteristics.
These theories overlooked the behavior of the dye solution itself on surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate dye solution behavior on surfaces for Marx line formation.
To introduce a novel theory, "Anionic Dye Deposition," based on the coffee ring effect.
To explore applications in ophthalmology and lid margin staining.

Main Methods:

Analyzing evaporation patterns of Rose Bengal and fluorescein on various surfaces.
Observing the "Coffee Ring Effect" in dye solutions.
Studying the impact of tear meniscus alteration on lid margin staining.

Main Results:

Dye solutes predominantly deposit at the drop edge on hydrophilic surfaces during evaporation.
Tear meniscus changes during gaze significantly affect lid margin staining patterns.
Observed phenomena invalidate prior hypotheses solely based on stained surface characteristics.

Conclusions:

Marx line staining is proposed to result from "anionic dye deposition" driven by evaporation.
The "Coffee Ring Effect" provides a new framework for understanding Marx line formation.
This study offers a novel perspective on ophthalmological staining phenomena.