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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

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The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
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Precipitation Titration: Overview01:26

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Precipitation titration involves the reaction of a titrant and an analyte to generate an insoluble precipitate. While precipitation titration uses various precipitating agents, silver nitrate is the most common precipitating reagent; titrations involving Ag+ are called argentometric titrations. Usually, the endpoint in a precipitation titration can be detected by visual indicators.
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Salinity-dependent Toxicity Assay of Silver Nanocolloids Using Medaka Eggs
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Considerations using silver nitrate as a reference for in vitro tests with silver nanoparticles.

Ulf Hansen1, Andreas F Thünemann1

  • 1BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|April 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Silver ions transform in cell culture media, complicating toxicity tests. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) quantifies silver nanoparticle formation, crucial for accurate in vitro toxicology studies.

Keywords:
DLSIn vitro testsSAXSSEMSilver nanoparticlesSilver nitrate

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • In vitro toxicology studies often compare nanoparticulate metals to metal ions.
  • Metal ions can react with cell culture media components, potentially invalidating direct comparisons.
  • Silver ions, for example, can transform in media rich in sugars or salts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast, quantitative method for determining particle formation and numbers in cell culture media.
  • To assess the impact of cell culture media components on silver nanoparticle formation.
  • To provide data for more accurate silver ion-toxicity experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Non-destructive small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used.
  • Silver nitrate was dissolved in different cell culture media (DMEM with/without FBS, D-glucose solution).
  • Particle formation, size, and concentration were measured over time.

Main Results:

  • Silver nanoparticles formed within 5 minutes in all tested media.
  • Cell culture media showed limited particle growth.
  • Fetal bovine serum (FBS) influenced particle polydispersity, but not overall size after 5 minutes.
  • Particles precipitated in D-glucose solution after 10 minutes.
  • Particulate silver concentration stabilized between 3-4 μg/mL in cell culture media.

Conclusions:

  • Silver ion transformation into nanoparticles in cell culture media is rapid and significant.
  • Standard in vitro toxicology comparisons of silver ions and particles may be compromised.
  • SAXS is a valuable tool for characterizing nanoparticle formation in relevant media.
  • Results necessitate re-evaluation of experimental designs for silver ion toxicity studies.