Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

2.3K
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
2.3K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

26.7K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.7K
The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview01:24

The Seven Crystal Systems: Overview

115
Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific...
115
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

675
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
675
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

58
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
58
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

49.5K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
49.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoupling composition and band gap in κ-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> heterostructures via STEM-EELS.

Ultramicroscopy·2026
Same author

Exploring the depth profile of low-pressure plasma-treated PDMS by VUV spectroscopic ellipsometry.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Raman Spectroscopy through Open Science and FAIR Principles.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

All-Oxide Metasurfaces Formed by Synchronized Local Ionic Gating.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2024
Same author

Flexible hardware concept of pulsed laser deposition for large areas and combinatorial composition spreads.

The Review of scientific instruments·2023
Same author

Amorphous Transparent Cu(S,I) Thin Films with Very High Hole Conductivity.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

18.9K

Raman Tensor Formalism for Optically Anisotropic Crystals.

Christian Kranert1, Chris Sturm1, Rüdiger Schmidt-Grund1

  • 1Universität Leipzig, Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Abteilung Halbleiterphysik, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|April 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method to calculate Raman scattering intensity for optically anisotropic crystals. This effective Raman tensor approach accurately predicts experimental results, overcoming limitations of classical methods.

More Related Videos

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
09:43

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

9.9K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals
07:24

Hyperspectral Imaging as a Tool to Study Optical Anisotropy in Lanthanide-Based Molecular Single Crystals

Published on: April 14, 2020

18.9K
Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
09:43

Interfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

Published on: August 13, 2019

9.9K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Solid State Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Classical Raman tensor formalism is inadequate for optically anisotropic materials.
  • Birefringence in anisotropic crystals causes depth-dependent polarization, complicating intensity calculations.
  • Accurate Raman intensity analysis is crucial for understanding material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new formalism for calculating Raman scattering intensity in optically anisotropic crystals.
  • To address the limitations of classical methods in handling polarization-dependent effects.
  • To provide a method applicable to crystals of arbitrary orientation and symmetry.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a formalism based on an effective Raman tensor.
  • Considered normal incidence backscattering geometry.
  • Averaged over a sufficiently large scattering depth to achieve convergence.

Main Results:

  • The proposed formalism accurately calculates Raman scattering intensity dependent on polarization configuration.
  • The effective Raman tensor provides a unified description for optically anisotropic materials.
  • Demonstrated full agreement with experimental results for both uniaxial and biaxial crystals.

Conclusions:

  • The effective Raman tensor formalism offers a robust solution for analyzing Raman spectra of anisotropic crystals.
  • This method overcomes the challenges posed by birefringence and depth-dependent polarization.
  • The approach is versatile and applicable to a wide range of crystalline materials.