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DNA Equation of State: In Vitro vs In Viro.

Rudolf Podgornik1,2,3, M Alphan Aksoyoglu1, Selcuk Yasar1

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We developed a continuum model for DNA's equation of state, revealing how capsid curvature influences DNA packing and phase behavior within bacteriophages.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Understanding DNA packing is crucial for viral assembly and function.
  • The equation of state describes DNA's pressure-density relationship.
  • Bacteriophage capsids present unique nanoscale environments for DNA confinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a continuum model for the equation of state of bulk and encapsidated DNA.
  • To analyze the phase diagram of DNA under bacteriophage-relevant densities.
  • To investigate the impact of nanoscale confinement and curvature on DNA mesophase equilibria.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a continuum approach for DNA equation of state.
  • Derivation of equilibrium equations connecting bulk and confined DNA behavior.
  • Analysis of phase diagrams and spatial DNA density distributions.

Main Results:

  • A unified framework for bulk and encapsidated DNA equation of state was established.
  • The influence of capsid curvature on DNA osmotic pressure was quantified.
  • Complex multiphase equilibria and density/orientation distributions were observed within the capsid.

Conclusions:

  • Capsid curvature significantly alters DNA mesophase equilibria and packing.
  • The continuum model provides insights into DNA organization within viral capsids.
  • This work advances the understanding of DNA condensation in biological systems.