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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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MicroRNA and Heart Failure.

Lee Lee Wong1, Juan Wang2, Oi Wah Liew3

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore. mdcwll@nus.edu.sg.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show promise in understanding and treating heart failure (HF). These small molecules may offer new therapeutic targets and biomarkers for improving HF patient outcomes beyond current neurohormonal treatments.

Keywords:
cardiovascularheart failuremicroRNAneurohormone

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) presents a major public health challenge with high mortality rates.
  • Neurohormonal pathways, including the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, are key in HF pathogenesis.
  • Current therapies targeting these pathways improve outcomes but do not eliminate mortality, necessitating novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of microRNA (miRNA) roles in the cardiovascular system.
  • To highlight HF-associated miRNAs identified in patient cohorts.
  • To review the potential functions of these miRNAs in neurohormonal signaling relevant to HF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miRNAs in cardiovascular research.
  • Analysis of genome-wide miRNA studies in heart failure cohorts.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA expression and function in HF pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in heart failure (HF) patients.
  • These dysregulated miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of HF.
  • Specific miRNAs show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HF management.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs represent a significant area for advancing cardiovascular research and HF treatment.
  • Understanding miRNA involvement in neurohormonal signaling is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
  • miRNAs offer potential for improved diagnostics and targeted therapies in heart failure.