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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

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Effects of Vitamin D on Cardiac Function in Patients With Chronic HF: The VINDICATE Study

Klaus K Witte1, Rowena Byrom1, John Gierula1

  • 1Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|April 9, 2016
PubMed

Insights

High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation improved cardiac function and reversed left ventricular remodeling in chronic heart failure patients. However, it did not enhance 6-minute walk distance, indicating a need for further outcome studies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Chronic heart failure (HF) patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) often have vitamin D deficiency.
  • Low vitamin D levels correlate with poorer HF prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety and efficacy of high-dose vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation in patients with chronic HF and LVSD.
  • Investigate the impact of vitamin D3 on cardiac function, structure, and exercise capacity.

Main Methods:

  • The VINDICATE study enrolled 229 patients with HF, LVSD, and vitamin D deficiency.
  • Participants received 4,000 IU (100 microg) of vitamin D3 or placebo daily for one year.
  • Primary endpoint: change in 6-minute walk distance; secondary endpoints: LV ejection fraction, renal function, and serum calcium.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D3 supplementation did not improve 6-minute walk distance.
  • Significant improvements were observed in left ventricular ejection fraction (+6.07%).
  • Reversal of left ventricular remodeling was noted, with decreased LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters.

Conclusions:

  • One year of daily high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation benefits LV structure and function in HF patients on optimal medical therapy.
  • The supplementation did not improve exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance).
  • Further research is needed to determine if these structural and functional improvements translate to better clinical outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
heart failureleft ventricular functionremodelingvitamin D

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