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Spatial disorientation in Alzheimer's disease.

V W Henderson1, W Mack, B W Williams

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

Archives of Neurology
|April 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Many Alzheimer's disease patients experience spatial disorientation. Memory and visuospatial abilities, not disease severity, predict this disorientation, potentially linked to right hemisphere dysfunction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Spatial disorientation is a common symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Understanding the predictors of spatial disorientation is crucial for patient care and safety.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the cognitive underpinnings of this AD-related deficit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and predictors of spatial disorientation in probable Alzheimer's disease patients.
  • To identify specific cognitive functions associated with spatial disorientation in AD.
  • To explore the potential neurological basis of spatial disorientation in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 28 ambulatory patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease.
  • Utilized caregiver reports to assess behavioral measures of spatial disorientation.
  • Employed stepwise regression analysis with neuropsychological tests measuring memory, visuoconstruction, attention, language, and disease severity.

Main Results:

  • 39% of patients exhibited significant signs of spatial disorientation weekly.
  • Memory and visuoconstructive functions were significant predictors of spatial disorientation.
  • Disease severity, attention, and language impairment did not predict spatial disorientation.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial disorientation in Alzheimer's disease is significantly associated with deficits in memory and visuospatial processing.
  • Impaired visuospatial skills may indicate severe right hemisphere neocortical dysfunction in AD patients who wander.
  • Targeting memory and visuospatial deficits may help mitigate spatial disorientation and wandering in AD.

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