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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
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Fixation probability in a two-locus intersexual selection model.

Guillermo Durand1, Sabin Lessard2

  • 1Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.

Theoretical Population Biology
|April 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intersexual selection and recombination increase the fixation probability of male ornaments. This effect holds even for costly ornaments, boosting their evolutionary success in sexual selection models.

Keywords:
Ancestral recombination–selection graphFixation probabilitySexual selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Intersexual selection drives the evolution of exaggerated male traits and female preferences.
  • Understanding the genetic basis and evolutionary dynamics of these traits is crucial in population genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of a two-locus model of intersexual selection in a finite haploid population.
  • To determine how intersexual selection and recombination affect the fixation probability of male ornaments and female preferences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a discrete-time Moran model for population reproduction.
  • Extended the ancestral recombination-selection graph to incorporate intersexual selection.
  • Employed an optimizing algorithm for symbolic calculation of fixation probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Weak intersexual selection and recombination increase the fixation probability of male ornament alleles.
  • Fixation probability of male ornaments can exceed initial frequency, even with costly ornaments.
  • Fixation probability of female preference alleles is enhanced by weak selection/recombination (non-costly) or strong selection (costly).

Conclusions:

  • Intersexual selection and recombination play significant roles in the fixation of alleles related to sexual traits.
  • The evolutionary trajectory of male ornaments and female preferences is sensitive to selection strength, recombination rates, and trait costs.