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Central sensitization in chronic low back pain: A narrative review
Ilaria Sanzarello1, Luciano Merlini2, Michele Attilio Rosa1
1Section of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
|April 11, 2016
Summary
Chronic low back pain, a leading cause of disability, may involve central sensitization. This review explores recognizing central sensitization in non-specific low back pain and targeted pharmacotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Pain Medicine
- Neurology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Low back pain is a global health issue, causing significant disability.
- The cause of chronic low back pain is often unknown (nonspecific).
- Central sensitization is a potential mechanism in chronic pain conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe central sensitization (CS) and its clinical presentation in chronic pain.
- To aid in recognizing CS in patients with nonspecific low back pain (LBP).
- To outline treatment principles for chronic LBP, focusing on pharmacotherapy for CS.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature.
- Focus on identifying symptoms and signs of central sensitization.
- Review of pharmacotherapeutic strategies targeting central sensitization.
Main Results:
- Central sensitization presents with specific symptoms and signs.
- Recognition of CS can improve diagnosis in nonspecific LBP.
- Targeted pharmacotherapy may offer effective treatment options.
Conclusions:
- Central sensitization is a relevant mechanism in a subset of chronic low back pain patients.
- Identifying CS is crucial for appropriate management of nonspecific LBP.
- Pharmacotherapy targeting CS is a promising approach for chronic low back pain treatment.
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