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Global monsoon precipitation responses to large volcanic eruptions
Fei Liu1, Jing Chai1, Bin Wang2
1Earth System Modeling Center and Climate Dynamics Research Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China.
Scientific Reports
|April 12, 2016
Summary
Large volcanic eruptions can impact global monsoon precipitation. Eruptions in one hemisphere can unexpectedly enhance monsoon rainfall in the other hemisphere, primarily by altering atmospheric circulation patterns.
Area of Science:
- Climate Science
- Atmospheric Science
- Paleoclimatology
Background:
- Global monsoon (GM) precipitation is influenced by internal climate feedbacks and external forcings.
- Large volcanic eruptions are significant drivers of natural climate variability.
- The differential impact of volcanic eruptions at various latitudes on Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) monsoons remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distinct effects of volcanic eruptions at different latitudes on NH and SH monsoon precipitation.
- To understand the mechanisms driving remote volcanic forcing on monsoon circulation and precipitation.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a 1500-year volcanic sensitivity simulation from the Community Earth System Model version 1.0 (CESM1).
- Classified volcanic eruptions into three types based on aerosol distribution: NH, SH, and equatorial volcanoes.
- Analyzed changes in GM precipitation, atmospheric circulation, and moisture content.
Main Results:
- Remote volcanic forcing from one hemisphere significantly enhances GM precipitation in the other hemisphere.
- This remote enhancement is primarily driven by alterations in atmospheric circulation, not changes in moisture content.
- NH volcanic eruptions are more effective at reducing NH monsoon precipitation than equatorial eruptions, and similarly for SH eruptions.
Conclusions:
- Volcanic eruptions at different latitudes exert distinct influences on hemispheric monsoon precipitation.
- Remote volcanic forcing can strengthen monsoons through circulation changes, challenging simpler moisture-based explanations.
- Subtropical-extratropical volcanoes have a more pronounced impact on weakening off-equatorial monsoon circulation compared to equatorial volcanoes.
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