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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Positive Symptoms Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions01:26

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Towards diagnostic markers for the psychoses.

Stephen M Lawrie1, Michael C O'Donovan2, Elyn Saks3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

The Lancet. Psychiatry
|April 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Identifying causes of psychotic disorders can lead to better treatments. Research into genetic and autoimmune factors helps create specific subgroups for improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Current diagnostic systems for psychotic disorders are broad and phenomenological.
  • Historical attempts to classify mental illness based on etiology date back to the 19th century.
  • Existing classifications already incorporate etiological factors, such as substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how recent scientific advances can refine the classification of psychotic disorders.
  • To identify potential etiological subgroups within heterogeneous diagnoses.
  • To improve the utilization of current interventions for better patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on etiological factors in psychosis.
  • Analysis of associations between genetic factors (e.g., gene copy number variation) and schizophrenia.
  • Examination of the role of autoimmunity in psychotic disorders.
  • Discussion of diagnostic refinement based on identified etiological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Gene copy number variation and autoimmunity are increasingly linked to schizophrenia.
  • Progress in identifying etiological mechanisms supports the division of heterogeneous diagnoses into specific subgroups.
  • The diagnostic system already partially reflects etiological factors.

Conclusions:

  • A more precise, etiology-based classification of psychotic disorders is achievable.
  • Prompt diagnosis, treatment, and systematic etiological investigation can preserve function and improve outcomes.
  • Refined diagnostic categories will be more acceptable to patients and caregivers.