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Association of traumatic brain injury in childhood and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based
Ling-Yu Yang1, Chao-Ching Huang2,3, Wen-Ta Chiu4
1Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Insights
Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study found a 32% higher risk of ADHD in children with TBI compared to those without.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant concern with potential long-term neurological consequences.
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
- Understanding the relationship between TBI and ADHD is crucial for early intervention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the subsequent risk of developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- To quantify the risk of ADHD in children with TBI compared to a control group.
Main Methods:
- A cohort study utilizing Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database.
- Included 10,416 children (≤12 years) with newly diagnosed TBI and 41,664 matched controls without TBI.
- Followed participants for 9 years to identify ADHD diagnoses, excluding those with pre-existing ADHD.
Main Results:
- Children with TBI exhibited a significantly higher risk of ADHD (AHR=1.32, 95% CI=1.19-1.45) compared to children without TBI.
- Both mild (AHR=1.30) and severe (AHR=1.37) TBI were associated with increased ADHD risk.
- No significant association was found between fractures (without TBI) and ADHD risk.
Conclusions:
- Childhood traumatic brain injury is a significant risk factor for developing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- The findings highlight the importance of monitoring for ADHD symptoms in children who have experienced TBI.
- Further research may explore underlying mechanisms linking TBI and ADHD.
Background:
We evaluated the risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) following childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Methods:
Using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we included 10,416 newly diagnosed TBI children (aged ≤12 y) between 2001 and 2002 and 41,664 children without TBI, who were frequency matched by sex, age, and year of the index medical service with each TBI child, as controls. Children who had been diagnosed with ADHD prior to their medical service index were excluded. Each individual was followed for 9 y to identify ADHD diagnosis. We also compared the ADHD risk in children who were treated for fractures but not TBI as sensitivity analysis.
Results:
During the 9-y follow-up period, children with TBI had a higher ADHD risk (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19, 1.45) than did those without TBI. Furthermore, children with mild and severe TBI had higher AHRs for ADHD than did those without TBI (AHR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.53; and AHR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.22, 1.55). However, no significant association was observed between fractures and ADHD.
Conclusion:
TBI in childhood is associated with a greater likelihood of developing ADHD.
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