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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Microbes and Climate Change01:27

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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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A Protocol for Collecting and Constructing Soil Core Lysimeters
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Clays Can Decrease Gaseous Nutrient Losses from Soil-Applied Livestock Manures.

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    Clays show promise for reducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Laboratory tests revealed that adding vermiculite and bentonite clays significantly lowered nitrous oxide (NO) emissions and increased carbon retention in livestock manures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Soil Science

    Background:

    • Agricultural practices contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
    • Nitrogen compounds in livestock manure are a major source of nitrous oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH) emissions.
    • Effective GHG abatement technologies are crucial for sustainable agriculture.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the efficacy of clays as a technology for mitigating agricultural GHG emissions.
    • To quantify the impact of clay amendments on nitrogen (NO, NH) emissions and carbon (C) loss from livestock manures.
    • To assess the potential of vermiculite and bentonite clays in reducing GHG output from agricultural soils.

    Main Methods:

    • Laboratory experiments utilizing an automated closed-vessel analysis system.
    • Testing two types of clays: vermiculite and bentonite.
    • Incorporating livestock manures (beef, pig, poultry, egg layer) into agricultural soil with varying clay addition levels (up to 1:1 dry weight).
    • Modeling cumulative gas emissions using the biological logistic function.

    Main Results:

    • Nitrous oxide (NO) emissions were significantly reduced (threefold) at the highest clay addition level.
    • Ammonia (NH) emissions showed a decreasing trend with increasing clay, though not always statistically significant.
    • Carbon (C) retention increased substantially, with up to tenfold more carbon retained in clay-amended treatments compared to controls.
    • 15 out of 16 treatments were successfully modeled, indicating the robustness of the experimental design.

    Conclusions:

    • Clays, specifically vermiculite and bentonite, demonstrate significant potential as an agricultural GHG abatement technology.
    • Clay amendments effectively reduce nitrous oxide emissions and enhance carbon sequestration in soils amended with livestock manure.
    • Further research is warranted to optimize clay application rates and assess long-term efficacy in diverse agricultural settings.