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In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and...
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Affinity chromatography is a powerful technique extensively utilized for separating and purifying specific biomolecules from complex mixtures. It capitalizes on the highly selective binding between an analyte and its counterpart, such as antibody-antigen interactions. The counterpart is immobilized on the stationary phase, forming an affinity column. The stationary phase typically consists of solid support, such as agarose or porous glass beads, immobilizing the affinity ligand. The mobile...
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Strong Selective Adsorption of Polymers.

Ting Ge1, Michael Rubinstein1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States.

Macromolecules
|April 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new scaling theory explains selective polymer adsorption based on sticky monomer-surface site binding. Adsorption depends on polymer structure and surface site spacing, revealing distinct regimes for telechelic and multisticker polymers.

Area of Science:

  • Polymer physics
  • Surface science
  • Adsorption phenomena

Background:

  • Selective adsorption is driven by specific interactions between polymer monomers and surface sites.
  • Polymer conformation and adsorption depend on the interplay between polymer architecture and surface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scaling theory for selective polymer adsorption.
  • To investigate the influence of polymer structure and surface site arrangement on adsorption.
  • To identify different adsorption regimes for telechelic and multisticker polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a scaling theory based on characteristic length scales.
  • Analysis of polymer deformation for spatial commensurability between sticky monomers and surface sites.

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  • Examination of telechelic and multisticker polymer adsorption under varying conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Selective adsorption depends on the ratio of polymer monomer spacing (l) to surface site spacing (d).
    • Four distinct adsorption regimes identified for telechelic polymers based on l/d ratio and chain conformation.
    • Multisticker polymers exhibit complex adsorption behaviors including mushroom, loop, carpet, and brush structures depending on l/d and polymer concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • The l/d ratio is a critical parameter governing selective polymer adsorption.
    • The study predicts various adsorption regimes and structures for different polymer types.
    • Adsorbed amount (Γ) varies with surface site density (Σ) and polymer architecture, with brush formation contributing significantly.