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Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity
00:08

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

1.5K

Circadian light-input pathways in Drosophila.

Taishi Yoshii1, Christiane Hermann-Luibl2, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster2

  • 1Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan.

Communicative & Integrative Biology
|April 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Fruit flies use light to set their internal clocks. Cryptochrome (CRY) protein in brain neurons and eye photoreceptors detect light, influencing activity rhythms.

Keywords:
Drosophila melanogastercircadian clockcircadian rhythmcryptochromelight entrainmentphotoreceptorpigment-dispersing factor

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Related Experiment Videos

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Circadian Entrainment of Drosophila Melanogaster
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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Light is a primary environmental cue for circadian clock entrainment in animals.
  • Drosophila melanogaster serves as a model organism for studying circadian rhythms.
  • Clock neurons in the fruit fly brain regulate behavioral activity patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on light entrainment pathways in the Drosophila circadian clock.
  • To highlight the roles of Cryptochrome (CRY) and external photoreceptors in light perception.
  • To summarize recent findings on integrating light inputs into the central circadian network.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on Drosophila circadian clock mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the function of Cryptochrome (CRY) protein.
  • Examination of research on external photoreceptor contributions to circadian entrainment.

Main Results:

  • Clock neurons utilize Cryptochrome (CRY) for direct light perception, particularly UV and blue light.
  • External photoreceptors in the eyes are crucial for circadian light-input pathways.
  • New insights reveal mechanisms integrating diverse light inputs within the brain's circadian network.

Conclusions:

  • The Drosophila circadian clock is entrained by light through both direct neural and external photoreceptor pathways.
  • Cryptochrome (CRY) plays a key role in enabling clock neurons to sense light.
  • Understanding these pathways provides a foundation for further research into circadian regulation.