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Belowground responses to elevation in a changing cloud forest.

Caitlin I Looby1, Mia R Maltz1, Kathleen K Treseder1

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|April 12, 2016
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Summary

Soil fungal communities in tropical montane cloud forests shift with elevation and season. Elevation impacts soil properties, influencing fungal abundance and composition, crucial for these changing ecosystems.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Soil Science
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Soil fungal communities play vital roles in ecosystem processes.
  • Understanding fungal community responses to environmental gradients is crucial for predicting ecosystem changes.
  • Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) are sensitive ecosystems experiencing rapid climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of elevation and seasonality on soil properties and fungal communities in a Costa Rican TMCF.
  • To determine how soil physicochemical properties change along an elevation gradient and across seasons.
  • To analyze shifts in fungal community composition and the abundance of specific fungal groups in response to elevation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an elevation gradient within a TMCF in Costa Rica.
  • Collected soil samples across different elevations and seasons.
  • Analyzed soil properties (temperature, pH, moisture, C:N ratio) and fungal community composition (abundance, phyla, functional groups).

Main Results:

  • Soil temperature and pH decreased with increasing elevation, while soil moisture and C:N ratios increased.
  • Fungal abundance rose with elevation during both wet and dry seasons.
  • Fungal community composition significantly shifted with elevation and, to a lesser extent, with season, with notable variations in functional groups and phyla during the wet season.

Conclusions:

  • Elevation is a key driver structuring soil fungal communities in TMCF, alongside seasonal variations.
  • Changes in soil properties along the elevation gradient influence fungal community dynamics.
  • Climate change impacts on TMCF may significantly alter soil fungal community structure and function.