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Related Concept Videos

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Osteogenic Treatment Initiating a Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Template Hypertrophic Transition.

J Y Fu1, S Y Lim1, P F He1

  • 1Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-13, Singapore, 637457, Singapore.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|April 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Osteogenic treatment of engineered cartilage constructs successfully induced hypertrophic transition, demonstrating potential for an in vitro osteoarthritis (OA) model. This model aids in studying bone formation and screening OA drugs.

Keywords:
Cartilage hypertrophyCartilage templateEndothelial progenitor cellsTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cartilage Biology
  • Osteoarthritis Research

Background:

  • Hypertrophic chondrocytes are crucial for endochondral bone formation and osteoarthritis (OA) progression.
  • In vitro models are needed to study cartilage hypertrophy and screen potential OA therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an in vitro cartilage hypertrophy model using a tissue-engineered cartilage template.
  • To investigate the role of osteogenic treatment and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in inducing hypertrophy and vascularization.

Main Methods:

  • A living hyaline cartilaginous graft (LhCG) was treated with osteogenic medium for hypertrophic induction.
  • Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were seeded onto LhCG constructs to simulate vascular invasion.
  • Constructs were analyzed in vitro for hypertrophic and osteogenic markers, and in vivo after subcutaneous implantation.

Main Results:

  • Osteogenic treatment significantly inhibited endostatin synthesis and enhanced collagen type X (Col X) and osteogenic marker expression, alongside calcium deposition.
  • Implanted constructs showed Col X expression, calcium deposition, and blood vessel invasion.
  • Osteogenic treatment was the primary driver of hypertrophic transition; EPC seeding did not significantly alter results.

Conclusions:

  • Osteogenic treatment effectively induces hypertrophic transition in engineered cartilage constructs.
  • This engineered cartilage model shows promise for studying cartilage hypertrophy and developing in vitro platforms for OA research.