Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
08:07

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

9.0K

Quantifying Synovial Enhancement of the Pediatric Temporomandibular Joint

Zachary S Peacock1, Pouya Vakilian2, Paul Caruso3

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
|April 13, 2016
PubMed

Insights

A new method reliably quantifies temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial enhancement using MRI signal ratios in children. This establishes normative values for early detection of TMJ synovitis.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pediatric Imaging
  • Orthopedic Imaging

Background:

  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovitis can impact pediatric patients.
  • Accurate quantification of TMJ synovial enhancement is crucial for early diagnosis.
  • Gadolinium-enhanced MRI is a key imaging modality for evaluating TMJ inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess a novel method for quantifying TMJ synovial enhancement on MRI.
  • To establish normative values for TMJ synovial enhancement ratios in pediatric patients.
  • To enable early detection of TMJ synovitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients (0-16 years) without jaw pathology.
  • Signal intensity ratio of TMJ synovium to longus capitis muscle derived from T1-weighted MRI.
  • Intrarater and inter-rater reliability assessed; mixed-model regression used for normative thresholds.

Main Results:

  • Normative 95% specificity thresholds for synovial enhancement ratios established: 1.52 (superior), 1.68 (inferior), and 1.55 (average).
  • Excellent intrarater and inter-rater agreement demonstrated.
  • The method controls for time after contrast infusion.

Conclusions:

  • The TMJ synovium to longus capitis signal intensity ratio is a reliable method for quantifying enhancement.
  • This novel method may aid in the diagnosis of TMJ synovitis in pediatric populations.
  • Established normative values facilitate early detection of TMJ inflammation.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model07:32

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

Published on: May 6, 2020

13.4K
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis06:28

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

1.9K

Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
2.7K
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
9.5K
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
3.7K
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
4.7K
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.5K