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Related Concept Videos

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's...
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Rolling-induced Face Centered Cubic Titanium in Hexagonal Close Packed Titanium at Room Temperature.

H C Wu1, A Kumar2, J Wang3

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.

Scientific Reports
|April 13, 2016
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Researchers discovered how face-centered cubic titanium (fcc-Ti) forms in hexagonal close-packed titanium (hcp-Ti) during room temperature rolling. This novel phase transformation provides a new mechanism for plastic deformation in titanium materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Polycrystalline hexagonal close-packed titanium (hcp-Ti) exhibits limited plastic deformation at room temperature.
  • Understanding phase transformations is crucial for enhancing titanium's mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the nucleation and growth mechanisms of face-centered cubic titanium (fcc-Ti) induced by room temperature rolling in hcp-Ti.
  • To characterize the crystallographic orientation relationship between the parent hcp-Ti and the newly formed fcc-Ti phase.
  • To identify the atomic-level mechanisms governing the phase transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for in-situ observation of microstructural evolution.
  • Employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate atomic mechanisms and energy barriers.
  • Combined experimental and computational approaches to analyze nucleation and growth processes.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel orientation relationship between hcp-Ti and fcc-Ti: 〈0001〉hcp||〈001〉fcc and .
  • Revealed that fcc-Ti nucleation occurs via a pure-shuffle mechanism with a minimum stable thickness of three atomic layers.
  • Demonstrated that fcc-Ti growth proceeds through shear-shuffle mechanisms (two-layer disconnections) or pure-shuffle mechanisms (four-layer disconnections).

Conclusions:

  • Room temperature rolling induces a unique fcc-Ti phase in hcp-Ti through specific shuffle and shear mechanisms.
  • The observed phase transformation provides an additional plastic deformation mode in titanium, comparable to twinning.
  • This finding opens new avenues for designing titanium alloys with improved ductility and formability.