Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

826
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
826
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.2K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.2K
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

214
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
214
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.8K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
5.8K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.7K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.7K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.8K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diffusion Regimes in Binary Aqueous Solutions of Common Biopharmaceutical Stabilizers Are Differentiated by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Relaxation Processes in Freeze-Dried Monoclonal Antibody Formulations─The Role of Sucrose Concentration.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Freeze-thaw of pharmaceutical solutions: counter-intuitive finding of an increase in mechanical stress between Tg" and Tg' in frozen sucrose/water mixtures.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2025
Same author

Role of hydrogen bonding and water clusters in deamidation of peptide in glycerol-water solutions.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Water's Dual Role as a Chemical Catalyst and Physical Stabilizer in Deamidation of Lyophilized Proteins Studied via Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Correction: Practical Advice on Scientific Design of Freeze-Drying Process: 2023 Update.

Pharmaceutical research·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
11:53

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

31.9K

Crystalline mesophases: Structure, mobility, and pharmaceutical properties.

Evgenyi Shalaev1, Ke Wu1, Sheri Shamblin2

  • 1Allergan plc, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|April 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Crystalline mesophases, including plastic crystals, exhibit molecular mobility similar to amorphous materials and possess translational periodicity. Their chemical stability is intermediate between amorphous and crystalline states.

Keywords:
AmorphousCondensed phaseDisorderGlass transitionLiquid crystalsMolecular mobilityPhase diagramPlastic crystals

More Related Videos

Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
22:00

Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: November 21, 2010

30.7K
Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography
18:45

Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: September 2, 2012

25.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
11:53

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: March 28, 2011

31.9K
Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
22:00

Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases

Published on: November 21, 2010

30.7K
Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography
18:45

Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography

Published on: September 2, 2012

25.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Crystalline mesophases (liquid crystals, plastic crystals, conformationally disordered crystals) are common states of matter.
  • They bridge the gap between crystalline and amorphous materials, exhibiting properties of both.
  • Key characteristics include translational/orientational order and molecular mobility, often showing a glass transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the structural arrangements and molecular mobility in crystalline mesophases with disordered crystalline and amorphous solids.
  • To investigate the chemical stability of crystalline mesophases.
  • To discuss the detection of crystalline mesophases in pharmaceutical dosage form manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • Review and comparison of fundamental structural arrangements in mesophases.
  • Analysis of molecular mobility and relaxation processes.
  • Examination of X-ray diffraction patterns and glass transition properties.
  • Case studies on chemical stability and manufacturing detection.

Main Results:

  • Crystalline mesophases share properties with amorphous materials, such as molecular mobility and glass transition, alongside crystalline periodicity (e.g., sharp X-ray diffraction lines in plastic crystals).
  • Molecular mobility in mesophases is generally similar to amorphous solids, with specific differences related to mobility modes.
  • Chemical stability increases with order, being intermediate between amorphous (least stable) and crystalline (most stable) materials.

Conclusions:

  • Crystalline mesophases represent a distinct intermediate state of matter with unique characteristics.
  • Understanding their properties is crucial for materials science and pharmaceutical applications.
  • Detection during dosage form manufacturing highlights their practical relevance.