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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

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Internal conceptual replications do not increase independent replication success.

Richard Kunert1,2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD, Nijmegen, Netherlands. RiKunert@gmail.com.

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|April 13, 2016
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Replication failures in psychology are often due to questionable research practices (QRPs), not unknown contexts. Internal replications do not predict independent replication success, especially in social psychology.

Keywords:
False positivesPublication biasQRPReplicationReproducibility

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Reproducibility in Science

Background:

  • Many psychological findings are difficult to reproduce.
  • Two theories explain low reproducibility: unknown contexts vs. questionable research practices (QRPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if internal replications predict independent replication success.
  • To determine the primary cause of low reproducibility in psychology.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed data from a large reproducibility project.
  • Compared factors associated with replication success for internally replicated vs. unreplicated effects.
  • Focused on psychological effects, particularly in social psychology.

Main Results:

  • Internal replications are not related to independent replication success.
  • QRPs appear to be the main driver of reproducibility issues.
  • Social psychology effects showed no benefit from internal replications.

Conclusions:

  • Questionable research practices (QRPs) are central to psychological replication failures.
  • Unknown contexts play a minor role.
  • Practical solutions to avoid QRPs are recommended.