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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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Genomics-assisted breeding in fruit trees.

Hiroyoshi Iwata1, Mai F Minamikawa1, Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae1

  • 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657 , Japan.

Breeding Science
|April 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic analysis technologies enhance plant breeding efficiency. Genomics-assisted breeding overcomes fruit tree breeding challenges like long generation times using methods like GWAS and GS.

Keywords:
generation advancement technologygenome-wide association study (GWAS)genomic selection (GS)pseudo-testcross strategystatistical model

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Genomic analysis technologies

Background:

  • Conventional fruit tree breeding faces challenges including long generation times, large plant size, and delayed assessment of marketable traits.
  • Advancements in genomic analysis offer new strategies to improve breeding efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the potential of genomics-assisted breeding in overcoming conventional fruit tree breeding barriers.
  • To review available molecular marker systems and whole-genome sequence data for fruit trees.

Main Methods:

  • Introduction to statistical methods: biparental linkage, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS).
  • Review of QTL mapping, GWAS, and GS studies specifically conducted on fruit trees.
  • Exploration of novel technologies for rapid generation advancement.

Main Results:

  • Genomics-based approaches like GWAS and GS show significant utility in fruit tree genetics research.
  • QTL mapping, GWAS, and GS studies have been successfully applied to various fruit tree species.
  • Novel technologies can accelerate generation cycles in fruit tree breeding programs.

Conclusions:

  • Genomics-assisted breeding holds substantial promise for accelerating and improving fruit tree breeding.
  • Overcoming challenges requires continued development and integration of genomic tools and rapid generation advancement techniques.