Metabolic syndrome and obesity in peritoneal dialysis

Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to clustering of features related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, which include obesity or central obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance, together with hypertension. The prevalence of MS in end-stage renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis is quite common, ranging from 40% to 60%, depending on the population studied and the definition used. However, there are controversies about the clinical outcome of patients with MS, particularly in the area of obesity. Whether peritoneal dialysis predisposes patients to MS is another unsolved issue. Despite these controversies, preventing patients from developing MS is important, at least from a theoretical point of view.