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Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin

Published on: March 26, 2015

Demyelinating diseases in Asia.

Hirofumi Ochi¹, Kazuo Fujihara

¹aDepartment of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon bDepartment of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, and Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience (STRINS), Koriyama, Japan.

Current Opinion in Neurology

|April 13, 2016

Summary

This review covers advances in central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Asia. While multiple sclerosis (MS) is increasing, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) diagnosis remains challenging due to differing prevalence rates.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Central Nervous System Disorders

Background:

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asia is lower than in Western countries but is increasing.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) prevalence appears constant globally, leading to higher NMO/NMOSD to MS ratios in Asia.
Differential diagnosis between NMO/NMOSD and MS presents a significant challenge in Asian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system specific to Asia.
To highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by differing disease prevalence in the region.
To discuss the clinical similarities and potential unique factors influencing Asian MS.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Asia.
Analysis of prevalence data for MS and NMO/NMOSD in Asian populations compared to Western cohorts.
Examination of diagnostic criteria and antibody testing, including aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-antibody and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody.

Main Results:

Asian MS prevalence is rising, while NMO/NMOSD prevalence remains stable globally.
Higher NMO/NMOSD to MS ratios in Asia complicate accurate diagnosis.
While Asian MS is clinically similar to Western MS, unique genetic and environmental factors may be involved.
AQP4-antibody testing is crucial, but seronegative NMO/NMOSD cases, some MOG-antibody positive, exist.

Conclusions:

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases in Asia present unique epidemiological challenges, particularly in differentiating MS from NMO/NMOSD.
While core clinical features of MS are conserved, regional factors may influence disease presentation in Asian patients.
Further research into genetic and environmental influences is warranted to understand disease variations in Asian populations.