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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Reprogramming cancer cells: overview & current progress.

Kian Lam Lim1, Hoon Koon Teoh1,2, Pei Feng Choong1,2

  • 1a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman , Sungai Long , Selangor 43000 , Malaysia.

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Reprogramming cancer cells with transcription factors can alter their characteristics, offering potential for new cancer disease models and personalized therapies. This technology aids in studying cancer origins and screening drugs.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Cancer arises from genetic and epigenetic alterations.
  • Reprogramming cancer cells using transcription factors is an emerging field.
  • Few studies have successfully reprogrammed malignant human cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for reprogramming cancer cells.
  • To discuss the characterization of reprogrammed cancer cells.
  • To explore the effects of reprogramming on cancer malignancy, epigenetics, and drug response.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of various techniques used for cancer cell reprogramming.
  • Analysis of methods for characterizing reprogrammed cancer cells.
  • Examination of studies investigating the impact of reprogramming on cancer cell properties.

Main Results:

  • Reprogramming can alter cancer cell characteristics compared to parental cells.
  • Successful reprogramming of malignant human cells is challenging but achievable.
  • Reprogramming impacts cancer cell malignancy, epigenetics, and chemosensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer cell reprogramming holds promise for creating advanced in vitro disease models.
  • Further technical advancements are crucial for refining reprogramming technologies.
  • This technology may lead to the development of directed and personalized cancer therapies.