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Geographical and Genetic Divergence Among Papaya ringspot virus Populations Within Hainan Province, China
Hui Zhao1, Rui Zong Jia1, Yu-Liang Zhang1
1First author: College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China 570228; first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and ninth authors: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P.R. China, and Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101; and second, fourth, and seventh authors: Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Waipahu 96797.
Abstract:
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) severely affects the global papaya industry. Transgenic papaya has been proven to have effective resistance to PRSV isolates from Hawaii, Thailand, Taiwan, and other countries. However, those transgenic cultivars failed to show resistance to Hainan Island isolates. Some 76 PRSV samples, representative of all traditional papaya planting areas across five cities (Wen Chang, n = 13; Cheng Mai, n = 14; Chang Jiang, n = 11; Le Dong, n = 25; and San Ya, n = 13) within Hainan Province, were investigated. Results revealed three genetic diversity groups (Hainan I, II, and III) that correlated with geographical distribution. Frequent mutations among PRSV isolates from Hainan were also observed. The high genetic divergence in PRSV isolates from Hainan is likely to be the cause of the failure of genetically modified papaya that targets sequence-specific virus.
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