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Diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a dual threat

Ahmet Afşin Oktay1, Halis Kaan Akturk, Eiman Jahangir

  • 1aJohn Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana bDivision of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|April 13, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus frequently coexist, significantly increasing cardiovascular disease risk. Effective blood pressure (BP) management in diabetes patients is crucial for preventing vascular complications and improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prevalent comorbidities.
  • Both conditions share risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation.
  • Coexisting HTN and DM markedly elevate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of coexistent HTN and DM.
  • To explore shared mechanisms and pathophysiology contributing to CVD risk.
  • To discuss HTN management in DM patients and the impact of anti-diabetic drugs on blood pressure.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article.
  • Synthesizing current concepts and recent findings from relevant literature.
  • Focusing on epidemiological data, pathophysiological insights, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • The majority of individuals with diabetes mellitus also have hypertension.
  • Uncontrolled blood pressure in diabetic patients significantly increases morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease.
  • Newer anti-diabetic medications, such as SGLT2 inhibitors, demonstrate beneficial effects on blood pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Blood pressure control is a cornerstone in managing patients with diabetes mellitus.
  • Effective BP management is vital for preventing vascular complications and reducing mortality in diabetic individuals.
  • Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic option for managing both blood pressure and diabetes.
Abstract

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