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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Pathways.

Adam M Schmitt1, Howard Y Chang2

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Cancer Cell
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Summary
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Cancer mutation analyses reveal noncoding genome mutations affecting long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). These lncRNAs drive cancer phenotypes and are promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Genome-wide analyses identify functional mutations in the noncoding genome.
  • These mutations significantly impact the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • lncRNAs play crucial roles in cancer development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of noncoding mutations in lncRNA expression.
  • To underscore the functional significance of lncRNAs in driving cancer phenotypes.
  • To emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting lncRNAs in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide mutation analyses.
  • Analysis of lncRNA expression patterns.
  • Investigation of lncRNA molecular mechanisms and interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identification of extensive functional mutations in the noncoding genome.
  • Demonstration that lncRNAs drive key cancer phenotypes via molecular interactions.
  • Advancements in surveying lncRNA mechanisms provide tools for functional annotation.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are critical mediators of cancer phenotypes driven by noncoding mutations.
  • Functional annotation of cancer-associated lncRNAs is advancing.
  • lncRNAs represent attractive therapeutic targets for cancer intervention.