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Related Concept Videos

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Quorum Sensing Desynchronization Leads to Bimodality and Patterned Behaviors.

David N Quan1,2, Chen-Yu Tsao1,2, Hsuan-Chen Wu1,2

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Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) systems like Lsr and LuxIR organize population behaviors. Mathematical models reveal Lsr QS generates dispersed signaling via localized secretion and uptake, unlike LuxIR

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Area of Science:

  • Bacterial communication and population dynamics.
  • Computational biology and mathematical modeling.
  • Synthetic biology and microbial consortia.

Background:

  • Quorum Sensing (QS) regulates bacterial population behaviors, crucial in infectious diseases.
  • The LuxS-regulated (Lsr) QS system uses autoinducer-2 (AI-2) from 1-carbon metabolism.
  • Understanding Lsr QS mechanisms is vital for controlling bacterial consortia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and compare the population-scale behaviors of Lsr and LuxIR QS systems.
  • To investigate how cell heterogeneity influences Lsr QS activation patterns.
  • To elucidate the distinct signaling dynamics of Lsr and LuxIR QS.

Main Methods:

  • Developed 2D mathematical simulations incorporating bacterial growth and diffusion.
  • Modeled Lsr QS with asynchronous AI-2 uptake, intracellular positive feedback, and intercellular negative feedback.
  • Modeled LuxIR QS with only positive feedback for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed Lsr QS leads to dispersed autoinduction from localized secretion/uptake.
  • LuxIR QS simulations produced an 'outward wave' of autoinduction.
  • Model outputs align with previously observed experimental results for both systems.

Conclusions:

  • Lsr QS activation patterns differ significantly from LuxIR QS due to feedback mechanisms.
  • Mathematical models provide insights into QS system behaviors and inform synthetic biology designs.
  • Cellular heterogeneity can drive complex QS behaviors like bimodal signaling.