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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
Published on: January 13, 2023
Unusual presentation of total anomalous systemic venous connection
Swaminathan Vaidyanathan1, Sivakumar Kothandam2, Rajesh Kumar2
11 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, India.
Abstract:
A 9-year-old girl who presented with dyspnea on exertion was diagnosed with total anomalous systemic venous connection to the left atrium (both venae cavae), no left superior vena cava, and a moderate-sized atrial septal defect with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and ectopic atrial rhythm. She underwent septation of the common atrium using autologous pericardium, thereby rerouting the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus to the right atrium. Her postoperative course was uneventful. This case is reported for its rarity of presentation with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and ectopic atrial rhythm.
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