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Related Concept Videos

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

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MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Neuropeptides in Parkinson's Disease
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Imaging Systemic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

Per Borghammer1, Karoline Knudsen2, David J Brooks2,3,4

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, building 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. perborgh@rm.dk.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|April 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral imaging in Parkinson's disease (PD) is crucial for understanding its multisystem nature. This review highlights imaging tools assessing autonomic nerve terminal loss and gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD patients.

Keywords:
GastrointestinalPETParasympatheticParkinsonSPECTSympathetic

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystem disorder affecting the brain and peripheral autonomic nerves.
  • Autonomic pathology, including gastrointestinal issues like constipation, can precede motor symptoms by years.
  • Current imaging predominantly focuses on cerebral pathology, neglecting peripheral involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on peripheral imaging in Parkinson's disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding the chronology and functional consequences of peripheral pathology.
  • To highlight the role of imaging in diagnosing and managing PD-related autonomic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of radiotracer studies assessing sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve terminal integrity.
  • Analysis of imaging modalities quantifying gastrointestinal and anorectal function (dysphagia, gastric emptying, transit times, dyssynergia).

Main Results:

  • Peripheral autonomic pathology is extensive in Parkinson's disease.
  • Imaging tools can directly estimate nerve terminal loss and functional deficits.
  • Autonomic dysfunction can be detected years before clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral imaging is vital for a comprehensive understanding of Parkinson's disease.
  • Imaging offers valuable insights into the nature and timing of autonomic involvement in PD.
  • Future research should leverage these tools for improved PD diagnosis and management.