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The Disconnected Brain and Executive Function Decline in Aging.

Anders M Fjell1,2, Markus H Sneve1, Håkon Grydeland1

  • 1Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0373, Norway.

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|April 14, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain connectivity decline significantly impacts executive functions with age. Structural brain changes explain most age-related cognitive reductions, supporting the "disconnected brain" theory of aging.

Keywords:
agingdiffusion tensor imagingexecutive functionfunctional connectivitystructural connectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Higher-order cognitive abilities rely on brain connectivity.
  • Aging often leads to reduced brain structural and functional connectivity.
  • The
  • disconnected aging
  • hypothesis suggests reduced connectivity causes cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if longitudinal changes in brain connectivity explain age-related cognitive decline.
  • To differentiate the roles of structural and functional connectivity in cognitive aging.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 119 adults (23-86 years) over 3.3 years.
  • Repeated assessments of structural and functional brain connectivity.
  • Measurement of executive functions and basic cognitive processes.

Main Results:

  • Significant age-related longitudinal reductions in executive function were observed.
  • Changes in brain connectivity explained 82.5% of age-related executive function decline.
  • Structural connectivity changes, specifically, accounted for the age-specific decline.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related executive function decline is largely attributable to alterations in brain connectivity.
  • Structural brain connectivity changes are key drivers of cognitive aging.
  • Findings support the "disconnected brain" model of cognitive aging.