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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Viral Structure00:56

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Introduction to Virus01:28

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Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction
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Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Published on: August 9, 2011

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HIV Capsid Assembly, Mechanism, and Structure.

Bo Chen1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States.

Biochemistry
|April 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) capsid, a protein shell essential for viral function, is a key target for antiviral drugs. This review covers capsid structure, dynamics, and assembly mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) capsid is a protein shell protecting viral genetic material.
  • Capsid stability is crucial for HIV life cycle and infectivity.
  • The HIV capsid is a significant target for antiviral drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of HIV capsid protein structure and dynamics.
  • To explore various forms of capsid protein assemblies.
  • To discuss the mechanism of HIV capsid assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of structural and dynamic studies.
  • Analysis of capsid protein assembly mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of research on HIV capsid structure.

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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors
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Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction
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Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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Generation and Assembly of Virus-Specific Nucleocapsids of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus

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Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors
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Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

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Main Results:

  • The HIV capsid is composed of approximately 1000-1500 capsid proteins.
  • Capsid integrity is vital for viral infectivity.
  • Understanding capsid assembly is key to developing new antivirals.

Conclusions:

  • The HIV capsid's structure and assembly are critical areas for antiviral research.
  • Targeting the HIV capsid offers a promising strategy for new drug development.
  • Further research into capsid dynamics and assembly mechanisms is warranted.